Keragaman Konsumsi Pangan dan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Sumenep Madura
Abstract
Pregnant women in Indonesia whose anemic reach 48,9%. The purpose of this study was to analyze thecorrelation between dietary diversity and anemia in pregnant women in Sumenep District, Madura. This study wasa cross-sectional design. The population of this study was 411 pregnant women in four selected health centers inSumenep District. Subjects were all stage of pregnancy (trimester I, II, III) which numbered 200 pregnant womenwho were selected by proportional random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaireand direct measurement. The data used consisted of socio-economic status, history of pregnancy, MUAC, hemoglobinconcentration, and Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W) score. Data analysis used the spearmantest to determine the correlation between MDD-W score and hemoglobin concentration in pregnant women.The result showed that 51,5% of pregnant women were anemic. The MDD-W score for anemia and non-anemiagroups was low (4,8±1,2 vs 4,8±1,6). Spearman test showed that the MDD-W score was not associated with hemoglobinconcentration (p>0,05). Factors of significantly associated with haemoglobin concentration were includinggestational age (r=-0,148; p=0,036), BMI pre-pregnancy (r=0,145; p=0,041), and mid-upper arm circumference(r=0,231; p=0,001). Factors related to anemia in pregnant women were the gestational age, nutritional status inpre-pregnancy, and MUAC, while dietary diversity was not related to the incidence of anemia in pregnant women
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2. Bappenas. Pedoman Perencanaan Program Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi dalam Rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (Gerakan 1000 HPK). Jakarta: Bappenas; 2013.
3. Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Jawa Timur. Profil Kesehatan Propinsi Jawa Timur 2017. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Surabaya: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur; 2018.
4. Ikhtiar M, Yasir Y. Analysis of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Gowa District South Sulawesi Province , Indonesia. Am J Public Heal Res. 2015;3(3):113–5.
5. Aminin, Fidyah AW, Lestari RP. Pengaruh Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil. J Kesehat. 2014;5(2):167–72.
6. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Kementerian RI 2013. Vol. 6, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta; 2013.
7. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta; 2018.
8. Bedi R, Acharya R, Gupta R, Pawar S, Sharma R. Maternal Factors of Anemia in 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy and Its Association with Fetal Outcome. Int Multispecialty J Heal. 2015;1(7):9–16.
9. Rahmati S, Delpishe A, Azami M, Hafezi Ahmadi MR, Sayehmiri K. Maternal Anemia During Pregnancy and Infant Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd, Iran).2017;15(3):125–34.
10. Rathod N. Anemia in Pregnancy. In: High Risk Cases in Obstetrics. New Delhi; 2014. 13-32.
11. WHO. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity [Internet]. 2011. Tersedia pada: http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.
12. Bekele A, Tilahun M, Mekuria A. Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Health Institutions of Arba Minch Town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Anemia. 2016:1–9.
13. Rosmalina Y, E L. Besaran Keragaman dan Kualitas Konsumsi Bahan Makanan pada Ibu Hamil di Indonesia. Penelit Gizi dan Makanan. 2016;39(1):65–73.
14. Lemeshow S, Hosmer Jr DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of ample Size in Health Studies. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. New York: WHO; 1990.
15. Diana R, Rachmayanti R, Anwar F, Khomsan A, Christianti D, Kusuma R. Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, Traditional Beliefs and Practices of Pregnant Women in Madura Island. Surabaya; 2016.
16. Kennedy GL, Brouwer ID, Dop M, Kok FJ. Analysis of Dietary Diversity Scores Constructed from a Reference Period of One or Seven Days in an Area of Acute Food Security in Somalia. Evaluation of Dietary Diversity Scores for Assessment of Micronutrient Intake and Food Security in Developing Countries. [Wageningen]: Wegeningen University; 2009.
17. FAO and FHI 360. Minimum Dietary Diversty for Women: A Guide to Measurement. Roma:FAO; 2016.
18. Mahirawati VK. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil di Kecamatan Kamoning dan Tambelangan, Kabupaten Sampang, Jawa Timur. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat. 2014;17(2):193–202.
19. Abriha A, Yesuf M, Wassie M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Pregnant Women of Mekelle Town: a Cross Sectional Study. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7(1):888.
20. Melku, M., Addis, Z., Alem, M. & Enawgaw B. Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anaemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. Hindawi Publ. 2014:1–9.
21. Mekonnen FA, Ambaw YA, Neri GT. Socio-Economic Determinants of Anemia in Pregnancy in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):1–9.
22. Chakona G, Shackleton C. Minimum Dietary Diversity Scores for Women Indicate Micronutrient Adequacy and Food Insecurity Status in South African Towns. Nutrients. 2017;9(812):1–16.
23. Abrori, Hutagalung K, Marlenywati. Faktor Anemia Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Putussibau Selatan. J Vokasi Kesehat. 2015;1(4):99–104.
24. Handayani TR. Determinan Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi Zat Besi pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Nagaswidak Palembang Tahun 2017. In: Proceeding Stikes Muhammadiyah Palembang. 2017. 345–56.
25. Schack-Nielsen L, Michaelsen KF, Gamborg M, Mortensen EL, Sørensen TIA. Gestational Weight Gain in Relation to Offspring Body Mass Index and Obesity from Infancy Through Adulthood. Int J Obes. 2010;34(1):67–74.
26. Kruger HS, Butte NF. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutr Bone Heal. 2015;111:161–82.
27. Han Z, Lutsiv O, Mulla S, McDonald SD. Maternal Height and the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analyses. J Obstet Gynaecol Canada. 2012;34(8):721–46.
28. Swamilaksita PD. Efikasi Suplementasi Zat Gizi Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Hasil Kehamilan. Media Gizi Mikro Indones. 2016;8(1):27–42.
29. Ani LS, Bakta IM, Suryadhi I, Bagiada A. Perbandingan Efek Suplemen Besi Pra-Hamil dan Selama Kehamilan dalam Upaya Menurunkan Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Wanita Hamil dengan Anemia Ringan. Indones J Biomed Sci. 2008;1(3):1–18.
30. Marlapan S. Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tuminting Kec. Tuminting Kota Manado. Ejournal Keperawatan.2013;1(1):1–7.
31. Hurrel R, Egli I. Iron Bioavailability and Dietary Reference Values. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(5):1461–7.
32. Geissler C, Singh M. Iron, Meat and Health. Nutrients. 2011;3(3):283–316.
33. Indriasari R, Salam A, Sriwahyuni. Pola Konsumsi Buah Dan Sayur serta Asupan Zat Gizi Mikro dan Serat pada Ibu Hamil Di Kabupaten Gowa 2013 [Internet]. 2013. Tersedia pada: http://repository.unhas.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/5457/Jurnal MKMI.pdf?sequence=1.
34. Fitri YP, Briawan D, Tanziha I, Madanijah S. Tingkat Kecukupan dan Bioavailabilitas Asupan Zat Besi pada Ibu Hamil Di Kota Tangerang. Media Kesehat Masy Indones. 2016;12(3):185–91.
35. Catherin N, Rock B, Rock V, Ankita C, Ashish G, Delwin P, et al. Beliefs and practices regarding nutrition during pregnancy and lactation in a rural area in Karnataka, India: a qualitative study. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2015;2(2):116.
36. Ezeama MC, Ezeamah I. Attitude and socio-cultural practice during pregnancy among women in Akinyele L. G. A. of Oyo State, Nigeria. J Res Nurs Midwifery. 2014;3(1):14–20
37. County L, Willy K, Judith K, Peter C. Dietary Diversity, Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status among Pregnant International Journal of Health Sciences and Research Dietary Diversity, Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status among Pregnant Women in Laikipia County, Kenya. Int J Helalth Sci Res. 2016;6(4):378–85.
38. Muggaga C, Ongeng D, Mugonola B, Okello-Uma I, Kaaya NA, Taylor D. Influence of Sociocultural Practices on Food and Nutrition Security in Karamoja Subregion of Uganda. Ecol Food Nutr. 2017;56(5):424–47.
39. Zerfu TA, Umeta M, Baye K. Dietary Diversity During Pregnancy is Associated with Reduced Risk of Maternal Anemia, Preterm Delivery, and Low Birth Weight in a Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Ethiopia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:1482–8.
Authors
Christianti, D. F., Anwar, F., & Dwiriani, C. M. (2019). Keragaman Konsumsi Pangan dan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Sumenep Madura. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 15(2), 168-177. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v15i2.6321
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