Struktur Sisik Sayap Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera)
Abstract
The structure of wing scales in four species of papilionid butterflies were investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the differences of wing scales structure from four species butterflies in Superfamily Papilionoidea. Small fragments of wings vein M1 and M2 were cut and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The wing scales had two types, i.e. rectangular and triangular. Microstructure of wings scales also had many forms consist with window, crossribs, and ridges. All scales of the wing of butterflies observed had different forms (scales, microstructures, and serrations), eventhough the point of viewd were the same. Only Catopsilia scylla had two types scales and Arhopala araxes had different forms of microstructures.
References
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Stavenga, D.G., Stowe, S., Siebke, K., Zeil, J., and Arikawa, K. 2004. Butterfly wing colours: scale beads make white pierid wings brighter. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 271: 1577-1584.
Stavenga, D.G., Matsushita, A., Arikawa, K., Leertouwer, H.L., and Wilts, B.D. 2012. Glass scales on the wing of the swordtail butterfly Graphium sarpedon act as thin film polarizing reflector. Journal of Experimental Biology 215: 657-662.
Tabata, H., Kumazawa, K., Funakawa, M., Takimoto, J., and Akimoto, M. 1996. Microstructures and optical properties of scales of butterfly wings. Optical Review 3: 139-145.
Vértesy, Z., Bálint, Zs., Kertész, K., Vigneron, J.P., Lousse, V., and Biro, L.P. 2006. Wing scale microstructures and nanostructures in butterflies. Journal of Microscopy 224: 108-110.
Vukusic, P. and Sambles, J.R. 2003. Photonic structures in biology. Nature 424: 852-855.
Vukusic, P., Sambles, J.R., and Ghiradella, H. 2000. Optical classification of microstructure in butterfly wing-scales. Photonics Science News 6: 61-66.
Wootton, R.J. 1992. Functional morphology of insect wings. Annual Review Entomology 37: 113-140.
Zhiwu, H., Liyan, W., Zhaomei, Q., and Luquan, R. 2009. Microstructure and structural color in wing scales of butterfly Thaumantis diores. Chinese Science Bulletin 54: 535-540.
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Beldade, P. and Brakefield, P.M. 2002. The Genetics and Evo-Devo of Butterfly Wing Patterns. Nature Reviews 3: 442–452.
Ghiradella, H. 1991. Light and color on the wing: structural colors in butterflies and moths. Applied Optics 30: 3492-3500.
Janssen, J.M., Monteiro, A., and Brakefield, P.M. 2001. Correlation between scale structure and pigmentation in butterfly wings. Evolution and Development 3: 415-423.
Kusaba, K. and Otaki, J.M. 2009. Positional dependence of scale size and shape in butterfly wings: Wing-wide phenotypic coordination of color-pattern elements and background. Journal of Insect Physiology 55: 175-183.
Morehouse, N.I., Vukusic, P., and Rutowski, R. 2007. Pterin pigment granules are responsible for both broadband light scattering and wavelength selective absorption in the wing scales of pierid butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 274 : 359-366.
Nijhout, H.F. 2001. Element of butterfly wing patterns. Journal of Experimental Biology 291 : 213-225.
Peggie, D. 2011. Precious and Protected Indonesian Butterflies. Jakarta (ID): PT Binamitra Megawarna.
Prum, R.O., Quinn, T., and Torres, R.H. 2006. Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering. Journal of Experimental Biology 209: 748-765.
Stavenga, D.G., Stowe, S., Siebke, K., Zeil, J., and Arikawa, K. 2004. Butterfly wing colours: scale beads make white pierid wings brighter. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 271: 1577-1584.
Stavenga, D.G., Matsushita, A., Arikawa, K., Leertouwer, H.L., and Wilts, B.D. 2012. Glass scales on the wing of the swordtail butterfly Graphium sarpedon act as thin film polarizing reflector. Journal of Experimental Biology 215: 657-662.
Tabata, H., Kumazawa, K., Funakawa, M., Takimoto, J., and Akimoto, M. 1996. Microstructures and optical properties of scales of butterfly wings. Optical Review 3: 139-145.
Vértesy, Z., Bálint, Zs., Kertész, K., Vigneron, J.P., Lousse, V., and Biro, L.P. 2006. Wing scale microstructures and nanostructures in butterflies. Journal of Microscopy 224: 108-110.
Vukusic, P. and Sambles, J.R. 2003. Photonic structures in biology. Nature 424: 852-855.
Vukusic, P., Sambles, J.R., and Ghiradella, H. 2000. Optical classification of microstructure in butterfly wing-scales. Photonics Science News 6: 61-66.
Wootton, R.J. 1992. Functional morphology of insect wings. Annual Review Entomology 37: 113-140.
Zhiwu, H., Liyan, W., Zhaomei, Q., and Luquan, R. 2009. Microstructure and structural color in wing scales of butterfly Thaumantis diores. Chinese Science Bulletin 54: 535-540.
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